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Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53 (2003), 93-97; DOI  10.1099/ijs.0.02073-0
© 2003 International Union of Microbiological Societies

Note

Chryseobacterium defluvii sp. nov., isolated from wastewater

Peter Kämpfer1, Ute Dreyer2, Alexander Neef1, Wolfgang Dott3 and Hans-Jürgen Busse4,5

1 Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
2 Fachgebiet Hygiene und Umweltmikrobiologie, Technische Universität Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
3 Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057 Aachen, Germany
4 Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
5 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Vienna, Austria

Correspondence
Peter Kämpfer
peter.kaempfer{at}agrar.uni-giessen.de


   ABSTRACT
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A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented bacterium (strain B2T) isolated from wastewater of a sequence batch reactor showing enhanced phosphorus removal was investigated to determine its taxonomic status. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the organism should be placed in the genus Chryseobacterium. The strain contained a polyamine pattern with sym-homospermidine as the major compound, menaquinone MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and ai-C15 : 0, i-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1 as the major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine and several unidentified lipids were detected in the polar lipid profile. Phylogenetically, strain B2T was most closely related to Chryseobacterium indoltheticum and Chryseobacterium gleum (96·2 and 95·9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively). The phylogenetic distance from any validly described species within the genus Chryseobacterium, as indicated from 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, and its phenotypic properties demonstrate that strain B2T represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium defluvii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is B2T (=DSM 14219T =CIP 107207T).

The EMBL accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain B2T is AJ309324.


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The recognition of the Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides group as a separate line of descent within the domain Bacteria has been clearly demonstrated by different rRNA-based studies (Bauwens & De Ley, 1981Go; Paster et al., 1985Go; Segers et al., 1993Go; Weisburg et al., 1985Go; Woese et al., 1990Go). Within the family Flavobacteriaceae, which was emended by Bernardet et al. (1996)Go, the genera Bergeyella, Chryseobacterium and Riemerella form a separate branch on the basis of rRNA cistron similarity studies (Vandamme et al., 1994Go) and phenotypic characteristics. At the time of writing, the genus Chryseobacterium contains the species Chryseobacterium gleum, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Chryseobacterium balustinum, Chryseobacterium indoltheticum, Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, Chryseobacterium scophthalmum and the recently described species ‘Chryseobacterium proteolyticum’ (Yamaguchi & Yokoe, 2000Go). The genus Riemerella comprises the two species Riemerella anatipestifer (Segers et al., 1993Go) and Riemerella columbina (Vancanneyt et al., 1999Go) and the genus Bergeyella accommodates the single species Bergeyella zoohelcum (Vandamme et al., 1994Go), which was originally described as Weeksella zoohelcum by Holmes et al. (1986)Go.

During selective enrichment experiments of a phosphorus-removing defined mixed bacterial culture from activated sludge (Hollender et al., 2002Go), four bacterial isolates were obtained, one of them showing yellow-pigmented colony morphology on nutrient agar. This strain (B2T) was isolated from an activated sludge enrichment on R2A agar (Oxoid). The isolate was subcultivated on this medium at 25 °C for 48 h for further analyses. The Gram reaction was tested as described by Gerhardt et al. (1994)Go. Cell morphologies were observed under a light microscope (1000x times; magnification) (Zeiss) with cells grown for 3 days at 30 °C on tryptone-soy agar (TSA; Oxoid). On nutrient agar (Oxoid), strain B2T formed visible colonies (diameter of about 2 mm) within 24 h at 30 °C. No growth was observed within 14 days at 4 °C or at temperatures above 45 °C. At 15 °C, very small colonies were visible after 7 days incubation. The colonies were yellowish, translucent and shiny with entire edges. After prolonged incubation, colonies were not detectable as single entities because of the production of extracellular slimy substances. Oxidase activity was tested using Bactident-Oxidase test strips (Merck) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Strain B2T was oxidase-positive. Cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming rods (about 2 µm in length) and stained Gram-negative. Strain B2T was able to grow on various nutrient-rich media, including TSA (Oxoid), but was not able to grow on MacConkey agar. Physiological characterization was done as described previously (Kämpfer et al., 1991Go), with the modification that all media were diluted threefold. Additional tests were performed using the Micronaut-E gallery (Merlin, formerly known as TTE-AS; Kämpfer, 1990Go).

Strain B2T produced acid from D-glucose, D-maltose, trehalose and D-cellobiose (weak). No acid was produced from several other sugars and related compounds. In addition, only a few carbon sources were utilized. Most of the tested p-nitrophenyl derivatives were hydrolysed (see species description).

Fatty acid methyl esters were extracted and prepared by the standard protocol of the Microbial Identification System (MIDI; Microbial ID). Extracts were analysed using a Hewlett Packard model HP6890A GC equipped with an FID, an automatic sampler, an integrator and a computer, as described previously (Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt, 1996Go). In strain B2T, the fatty acids 15 : 0 iso (58·5 %), 17 : 0 iso 3-OH (14·1 %) and summed feature 4 (16 : 1{omega}7c/t and/or 15 : 0 iso 2-OH, 8·4 %) were predominant. The detailed fatty acid composition is shown in Table 1Go. Because the results shown in this table are based on fatty acid analyses under identical conditions, these results can be compared directly. It is obvious that isolate B2T had larger relative amounts of 15 : 0 iso and 13 : 0 iso than all other Chryseobacterium species. Although representatives of the genera Riemerella and Bergeyella showed similar fatty acid profiles, differentiation on the basis of amounts of several other fatty acids is possible (e.g. iso 17 : 1{omega}9c and 17 : 0 iso 3-OH).


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  		Table 1. Fatty acid composition of strain B2T in comparison with other related organisms

Strains: 1, C. defluvii sp. nov. B2T; 2, C. gleum LMG 8334T; 3, C. indologenes LMG 8337T; 4, C. balustinum LMG 8329T; 5, C. indoltheticum LMG 4025T; 6, C. meningosepticum LMG 12279T; 7, C. scophthalmum; 8, R. anatipestifer; 9, R. columbina; 10, B. zoohelcum LMG 8351T. Data for reference species were taken from Segers et al. (1993)Go (other Chryseobacterium species except C. scophthalmum and Bergeyella species), Mudarris et al. (1994)Go (C. scophthalmum) and Vancanneyt et al. (1999)Go (Riemerella). Fatty acids that account for less than 1 % of the total fatty acids in all strains studied are not shown. Therefore, the percentages do not add up to 100 %. For R. anatipestifer, R. columbina and C. scophthalmum, the means and standard deviations for strains containing the fatty acids are shown. tr, Trace (less than 1 %); ND, not detected; ECL, equivalent chain length (i.e. the identity of the fatty acids is unknown).

 
Analysis of the respiratory quinones of strain B2T by HPLC (Tindall, 1990Go) gave only one characteristic peak, which corresponded to menaquinone MK-6. Polyamine analysis (Busse & Auling, 1988Go; Busse et al., 1997Go) revealed a pattern for strain B2T that is characteristic for Chryseobacterium (Hamana & Matsuzaki, 1990Go, 1991Go). Strain B2T contained sym-homospermidine [35·6 µmol (g dry wt)-1] as the major polyamine and minor amounts of spermine [2·1 µmol (g dry wt)-1] and spermidine [0·4 µmol (g dry wt)-1]. Only trace amounts of 1,3-diaminopropane, cadaverine and putrescine were detected.Go


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  		Table 2. Characteristics that differentiate strain B2T from other Chryseobacterium, Riemerella and Bergeyella species

Species: 1, C. defluvii sp. nov. B2T; 2, C. proteolyticum (n=2); 3, C. gleum (n=12); 4, C. indologenes (n=13); 5, C. balustinum (n=1); 6, C. indoltheticum (n=1); 7, C. meningosepticum (n=49); 8, C. scophthalmum (n=7); 9, R. anatipestifer (n=16); 10, R. columbina (n=13); 11, B. zoohelcum (n=30). Data for reference species were taken from Yamaguchi & Yokoe (2000)Go, Holmes et al. (1984Go, 1986)Go, Yabuuchi et al. (1983)Go, Segers et al. (1993)Go, Mudarris et al. (1994)Go and Vancanneyt et al. (1999)Go. n, Number of strains tested. +, All strains tested positive; (+), weakly positive; -, all strains tested negative; V, variable, but the number of positive strains is not available; NA, not available. Two figures separated by a solidus (/) refer to the number of positive strains/number of strains tested.

 
Polar lipids were determined by two-dimensional TLC as described previously (Ventosa et al., 1993Go). Phosphatidylethanolamine was detected as the major lipid in B2T. In addition, several unknown polar lipids were detected (Fig. 1Go).



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  		Fig. 1. Two-dimensional TLC of polar lipids of strain B2T. PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine; AL, aminolipids; APL, unidentified aminophospholipids; L, unknown lipids.

 
The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using universal primers 27f and 1492r (Lane, 1991Go) and sequenced as described previously (Wieser et al., 1999Go). Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the ARB software package (Strunk et al., 1999Go). Distance matrix, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods, as implemented in the ARB software package, were applied for tree construction (Strunk et al., 1999Go) (Fig. 2Go).



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  		Fig. 2. Unrooted tree indicating the estimated phylogenetic relationship between strain B2T (AJ309324) and other members of the genera Chryseobacterium, Riemerella and Bergeyella based on a comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. The tree was constructed using the maximum-parsimony method. Sequence data for other strains were obtained from the EMBL database. The tree also includes the 16S rRNA sequence of the novel species ‘Chryseobacterium joostei’, which has not yet been published (Hugo et al., 2003Go).

 
The 16S rDNA sequence of strain B2T consisting of a continuous stretch of 1415 bp (positions 28–1443, according to Escherichia coli numbering) was used to search GenBank, EMBL and the Ribosomal Database Project. Sequence searches showed that strain B2T was phylogenetically most closely related to representatives of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The results of the sequence similarity calculations indicated that the nearest relatives of strain B2T are C. indoltheticum (96·2 % sequence similarity), C. gleum (95·9 %) and C. indologenes (95·9 %). A sequence similarity of 95·0 % was observed to ‘C. proteolyticum’. Only slightly lower sequence similarities (92·0–95·4 %) were found to species from the genera Riemerella and Bergeyella. From these results, it is evident that strain B2T belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium. The results of maximum-parsimony analysis showed a separate position for strain B2T, most closely related to ‘C. proteolyticum’, but also closely related to C. gleum and C. indoltheticum. The branching patterns of the trees were not stable; however, strain B2T was always clearly separate from all other species.

The detection of menaquinone MK-6 as the only quinone, sym-homospermidine in the polyamine pattern, the large amounts of 15 : 0 iso and the 16S rRNA sequence clearly placed strain B2T in the genus Chryseobacterium. However, strain B2T differs from all other previously described species belonging to this genus.

The main reason for creation of a novel species for strain B2T was the rather high degree of sequence divergence of the 16S rRNA gene in comparison with the corresponding sequences from different species of the genus Chryseobacterium. It was shown clearly by Yamaguchi & Yokoe (2000)Go that Chryseobacterium species that share 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 94·9–96·0 % are distinct species on the basis of DNA–DNA pairing studies, with only 3·0–31·0 % DNA–DNA similarity. In addition, differences in physiological features were found in comparison with described Chryseobacterium species.

On the basis of these results, strain B2T is proposed as a representative of a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, Chryseobacterium defluvii sp. nov.

Description of Chryseobacterium defluvii sp. nov.
Chryseobacterium defluvii (de.flu'vi.i. L. gen. n. defluvii of sewage).

Cells are non-motile, non-spore-forming rods (approx. 2 µm in length). Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, showing an oxidative metabolism. Good growth is observed on R2A agar, TSA and nutrient agar at 25–30 °C, but not on MacConkey agar. Colonies are yellowish, translucent and shiny with entire edges. Menaquinone MK-6 is the predominant quinone and sym-homospermidine is the major polyamine. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the major lipid; several unknown polar lipids are also present. The fatty acid profile is composed largely of 15 : 0 iso (58·5 %), 17 : 0 iso 3-OH (14·1 %) and summed feature 4 (16 : 1{omega}7c/t and/or iso 15 : 0 2-OH, 8·4 %). Produces acid from D-glucose, D-maltose, trehalose and D-cellobiose (weak). No acid produced from adonitol, L-arabinose, D-arabitol, dulcitol, erythritol, i-inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, D-melibiose, methyl {alpha}-D-glucoside, raffinose, L-rhamnose, salicin, D-sorbitol, sucrose or D-xylose. The following compounds are utilized as sole sources of carbon: D-glucose, D-maltose, D-mannose, D-trehalose, acetate (weak) and propionate (weak). The following carbon sources are not utilized as sole sources of carbon: N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, L-arabinose, L-arbutin, D-cellobiose, D-galactose, gluconate, glycerol, D-fructose, D-mannitol, maltitol, {alpha}-D-melibiose, L-rhamnose, D-ribose, D-sucrose, salicin, D-trehalose, D-xylose, adonitol, i-inositol, D-sorbitol, putrescine, cis-aconitate, trans-aconitate, 4-aminobutyrate, adipate, azelate, fumarate, glutarate, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate, itaconate, DL-lactate, 2-oxoglutarate, pyruvate, suberate, citrate, mesaconate, L-alanine, {beta}-alanine, L-ornithine, L-phenylalanine, L-serine, L-aspartate, L-histidine, L-leucine, L-proline, L-tryptophan, 3-hydroxybenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate and phenylacetate. The chromogenic substrates p-nitrophenyl {alpha}-D-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl {beta}-D-glucopyranoside, bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, bis-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonate, bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphorylcholine, 2-deoxythymidine-2'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, L-alanine p-nitroanilide, {gamma}-L-glutamate p-nitroanilide and L-proline p-nitroanilide are hydrolysed. The following compounds are not hydrolysed: p-nitrophenyl {beta}-D-galactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl {beta}-D-glucuronide and p-nitrophenyl {beta}-D-xylopyranoside.

The type strain is strain B2T (=DSM 14219T =CIP 107207T), isolated from sewage sludge (for details see Hollender et al., 2002Go).


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C.-C. Young, P. Kampfer, M.-J. Ho, H.-J. Busse, B. E. Huber, A. B. Arun, F.-T. Shen, W.-A. Lai, and P. D. Rekha
Arenimonas malthae sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from an oil-contaminated site
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, December 1, 2007; 57(12): 2790 - 2793.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, H. C. Scholz, B. Huber, E. Falsen, and H.-J. Busse
Ochrobactrum haematophilum sp. nov. and Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2007; 57(11): 2513 - 2518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Vaneechoutte, P. Kampfer, T. De Baere, V. Avesani, M. Janssens, and G. Wauters
Chryseobacterium hominis sp. nov., to accommodate clinical isolates biochemically similar to CDC groups II-h and II-c
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2007; 57(11): 2623 - 2628.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
E. Hantsis-Zacharov and M. Halpern
Chryseobacterium haifense sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from raw milk
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2007; 57(10): 2344 - 2348.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, R. Rossello-Mora, M. Hermansson, F. Persson, B. Huber, E. Falsen, and H.-J. Busse
Undibacterium pigrum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from drinking water
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2007; 57(7): 1510 - 1515.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, B. Huber, S. Buczolits, K. Thummes, I. Grun-Wollny, and H.-J. Busse
Nocardia acidivorans sp. nov., isolated from soil of the island of Stromboli
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2007; 57(6): 1183 - 1187.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, U. Meurer, M. Esser, T. Hirsch, and H.-J. Busse
Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis sp. nov., isolated from the water reservoir of an air humidifier
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2007; 57(6): 1342 - 1345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J.-H. Yoon, S.-J. Kang, and T.-K. Oh
Chryseobacterium daeguense sp. nov., isolated from wastewater of a textile dye works
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2007; 57(6): 1355 - 1359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, B. Huber, K. Thummes, I. Grun-Wollny, and H.-J. Busse
Actinoplanes couchii sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2007; 57(4): 721 - 724.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, H. Scholz, B. Huber, K. Thummes, H.-J. Busse, E. W. Maas, and E. Falsen
Description of Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2007; 57(4): 755 - 760.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Z.-X. Quan, K. K. Kim, M.-K. Kim, L. Jin, and S.-T. Lee
Chryseobacterium caeni sp. nov., isolated from bioreactor sludge
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2007; 57(1): 141 - 145.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, V. Avesani, M. Janssens, J. Charlier, T. De Baere, and M. Vaneechoutte
Description of Wautersiella falsenii gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate clinical isolates phenotypically resembling members of the genera Chryseobacterium and Empedobacter.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2006; 56(Pt 10): 2323 - 2329.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, C.-C. Young, A. B. Arun, F.-T. Shen, U. Jackel, R. Rossello-Mora, W.-A. Lai, and P. D. Rekha
Pseudolabrys taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an alphaproteobacterium isolated from soil.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2006; 56(Pt 10): 2469 - 2472.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, C.-C. Young, K. R. Sridhar, A. B. Arun, W. A. Lai, F. T. Shen, and P. D. Rekha
Transfer of [Flexibacter] sancti, [Flexibacter] filiformis, [Flexibacter] japonensis and [Cytophaga] arvensicola to the genus Chitinophaga and description of Chitinophaga skermanii sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2006; 56(Pt 9): 2223 - 2228.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
H.-Y. Weon, B.-Y. Kim, S.-H. Yoo, S.-W. Kwon, Y.-H. Cho, S.-J. Go, and E. Stackebrandt
Chryseobacterium wanjuense sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil in Korea.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2006; 56(Pt 7): 1501 - 1504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
V. Gallego, M. T. Garcia, and A. Ventosa
Chryseobacterium hispanicum sp. nov., isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Sevilla, Spain.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2006; 56(Pt 7): 1589 - 1592.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
T. D. Allen, P. A. Lawson, M. D. Collins, E. Falsen, and R. S. Tanner
Cloacibacterium normanense gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from municipal wastewater
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2006; 56(6): 1311 - 1316.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
H. de Beer, C. J. Hugo, P. J. Jooste, M. Vancanneyt, T. Coenye, and P. Vandamme
Chryseobacterium piscium sp. nov., isolated from fish of the South Atlantic Ocean off South Africa
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2006; 56(6): 1317 - 1322.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, R. Rossello-Mora, E. Falsen, H.-J. Busse, and B. J. Tindall
Cohnella thermotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., and classification of 'Paenibacillus hongkongensis' as Cohnella hongkongensis sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2006; 56(Pt 4): 781 - 786.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
W.-A. Lai, P. Kampfer, A. B. Arun, F.-T. Shen, B. Huber, P. D. Rekha, and C.-C. Young
Deinococcus ficus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Ficus religiosa L.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2006; 56(Pt 4): 787 - 791.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, K. Denger, A. M. Cook, S.-T. Lee, U. Jackel, E. B. M. Denner, and H.-J. Busse
Castellaniella gen. nov., to accommodate the phylogenetic lineage of Alcaligenes defragrans, and proposal of Castellaniella defragrans gen. nov., comb. nov. and Castellaniella denitrificans sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2006; 56(Pt 4): 815 - 819.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, H.-J. Busse, and E. Falsen
Polaromonas aquatica sp. nov., isolated from tap water.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2006; 56(Pt 3): 605 - 608.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, J. M. Lindh, O. Terenius, S. Haghdoost, E. Falsen, H.-J. Busse, and I. Faye
Thorsellia anophelis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the Gammaproteobacteria
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2006; 56(2): 335 - 338.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
P. Kampfer, O. Terenius, J. M. Lindh, and I. Faye
Janibacter anophelis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of Anopheles arabiensis
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2006; 56(2): 389 - 392.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. S. Park, S. R. Jung, K. H. Lee, M.-S. Lee, J. O. Do, S. B. Kim, and K. S. Bae
Chryseobacterium soldanellicola sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium taeanense sp. nov., isolated from roots of sand-dune plants
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2006; 56(2): 433 - 438.
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 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. A. O'Sullivan, J. Rinna, G. Humphreys, A. J. Weightman, and J. C. Fry
Culturable phylogenetic diversity of the phylum 'Bacteroidetes' from river epilithon and coastal water and description of novel members of the family Flavobacteriaceae: Epilithonimonas tenax gen. nov., sp. nov. and Persicivirga xylanidelens gen. nov., sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2006; 56(1): 169 - 180.