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Fervidicella metallireducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from geothermal waters

Griffith University

¹ E-mail: b.patel{at}griffith.edu.au

A strictly anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, designated strain AeBT, was isolated from microbial mats colonising a runoff channel formed by free-flowing thermal water from a Great Artesian Basin (GAB), Australia, bore well (Registered Number 17263). The cells of strain AeBT were slightly curved rods (2.5–6.0x1.0 µm) which stained Gram-negative and formed spherical terminal to subterminal spores. The strain grew optimally in Tryptone-Yeast Extract-Casamino acids (TYECas) medium at 50 °C (temperature growth range between 37 and 55 °C) and a pH of 7 (5 and 9). Strain AeBT grew poorly on yeast extract (0.2 %) and tryptone (0.2 %) as sole carbon sources, which were obligately required for growth on other energy sources. The growth of strain AeBT was increased in the presence of various carbohydrates and amino acids but not organic acids. End-products detected from glucose fermentation were ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2. In the presence of 0.2 % yeast extract, iron(III), manganese(IV), vanadium(V) and cobalt(III) were reduced but not sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, elemental sulphur, nitrate, or nitrite. Iron(III) was also reduced in the presence of tryptone, peptone, casamino acids and amyl media (Research Achievement) but not starch, xylan, chitin, glycerol, ethanol, pyruvate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, propionate, succinate, glycine, serine, lysine, threonine, arginine, glutamate, valine, leucine, histidine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine and methionine. Growth was inhibited by chloroamphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin and NaCl concentrations greater than 2 %. The G+C content of DNA was 35.4±1 mol% as determined by the thermal denaturation (Tm) method. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain AeBT was a member of the family Clostridiaceae, class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes, and is positioned approximately equidistance between the genera Sarcina, Anaerobacter, Caloramator and Clostridium (closest rDNA similarity value 87.8-90.9 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and physiological characteristics, strain AeBT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Fervidicella metallireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AeBT (=JCM 15556T =KCTC 5667T).