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Mycobacterium mantenii sp. nov., a pathogenic, slowly growing, scotochromogenic species

¹ Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
² National Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁴ Academic Center for Dentistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
⁵ Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
⁶ Regional Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy

Correspondence
Jakko van Ingen
jakko.van.ingen{at}rivm.nl

Slowly growing, scotochromogenic bacteria of a novel Mycobacterium species were isolated from lymph node samples in two children and pulmonary samples in two elderly patients from different regions in the Netherlands as well as from a surface water sample in Zambia. Its 16S rRNA gene, 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS), hsp65 and rpoB gene sequences are unique in comparison with other mycobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these micro-organisms are most closely related to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum ATCC 19981^T (8 differences; 0.6 % divergence). The hsp65 sequence shows 96 % similarity to that of Mycobacterium saskatchewanense MB54784 and the rpoB sequence shows 95 % similarity to that of Mycobacterium chimaera CIP 107892^T. The 16S–23S ITS sequence places these micro-organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex, as a novel ITS sequevar. This is not supported by analysis of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 or rpoB gene sequences. Their scotochromogenicity, combined with mostly positive urease, positive semiquantitative catalase and negative tellurite reduction tests, set these isolates apart from related species. The mycolic acid patterns, obtained by HPLC, are similar to that of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, though the peak heights and distribution present minor differences. We propose the name Mycobacterium mantenii sp. nov. for this novel species. The type strain, isolated from a lymph node biopsy sample, is strain 04-1474^T (=NLA000401474^T =CIP 109863^T =DSM 45255^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene, 16S–23S ITS, hsp65 and rpoB gene sequences of strains 04-1474^T (=NLA000401474^T) and 08-224 (=NLA000800224) are respectively FJ042897 and FJ232521 (16S rRNA gene), FJ232522 and FJ426335 (16S–23S ITS), FJ232523 and FJ426336 (hsp65) and FJ232524 and FJ426337 (rpoB).

Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated 16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB gene sequences as well as the 16S–23S ITS of the studied isolates and related Mycobacterium species are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.