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Nocardiopsis litoralis sp. nov., a halophilic marine actinomycete isolated from a sea anemone

¹ College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, PR China
² The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, PR China, and Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
³ Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
⁴ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China

Correspondence
Wen-Jun Li
wjli{at}ynu.edu.cn
Yi-Guang Chen
mchenjsu{at}yahoo.com.cn

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, filamentous, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain JSM 073097^T, was isolated from a sea anemone collected from a tidal flat in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis and was most closely related to Nocardiopsis kunsanensis HA-9^T, Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis YIM 90004^T and Nocardiopsis salina YIM 90010^T (99.6, 98.5 and 98.1 % similarity, respectively). Phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data also indicated that strain JSM 073097^T was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis. The strain grew well on most of the media tested, producing white to yellow–white substrate mycelium and white aerial mycelium and straight to flexuous hyphae. The substrate mycelium was well developed and fragmented with age; the aerial mycelium produced long, straight to flexuous spore chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced, rod-shaped spores. The strain grew in the presence of 1–15 % (w/v) total salts and at pH 6.0–10.5 and 20–35 °C; optimum growth occurred in the presence of 5–7 % (w/v) total salts and at pH 8.5 and 25 °C. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain JSM 073097^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and no diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H₄), MK-10(H₆) and MK-10(H₈). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{16 : 0}, anteiso-C_{16 : 0} and 10-methyl C_{18 : 0}. Polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain JSM 073097^T was 70.4 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain JSM 073097^T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 073097^T (=DSM 45168^T=KCTC 19473^T).

A scanning electron micrograph of cells of strain JSM 073097^T and maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees showing the position of strain JSM 073097^T among members of the genus Nocardiopsis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences are available with the online version of this paper.