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1Cooperative Research Centre for the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Environment, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;
2Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, Portland, Oregon 97291;
3Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2043;
4Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;
5Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
* Corresponding author. Mailing address:Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technolgy, P.O. Box 91000, Portland, OR 97291-1000. Fax:boone@690-1273. E-mail: boone{at}ogi.edu.
ABSTRACT
Methanogenium frigidum sp. nov. was isolated from the perennially cold, anoxic hypolimnion of Ace Lake in the Vesfold Hills of Antarctica. The cells were psychrophilic, exhibiting most rapid growth at 15°C and no growth at temperatures above 18 to 20°C. The cells were irregular, nonmotile coccoids (diameter, 1.2 to 2.5 µm) that occurred singly and grew by CO2 reduction by using H2 as a reductant Formate could replace H2, but growth was slower. Acetate, methanol, and trimethylamine were not catabolized. Cells grew with acetate as the only organic compound in the culture medium, but growth was much faster in medium also supplemented with peptones and yeast extract. The cells were slightly halophilic; good growth occurred in medium supplemented with 350 to 600 mM Na+, but no growth occurred with 100 or 850 mM Na+. The pH range for growth was 6.5 to 7.9; no growth occurred at pH 6.0 or 8.5. Growth was slow (maximum specific growth rate, 0.24 day–1; doubling time, 2.9 days). This is the first report of a psychrophilic methanogen growing by CO2 reduction.
Present address: CSIRO Division of Water Resources, Floreat Park WA 6014, Australia. This article has been cited by other articles:
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  G. Zhang, N. Jiang, X. Liu, and X. Dong Methanogenesis from Methanol at Low Temperatures by a Novel Psychrophilic Methanogen, "Methanolobus psychrophilus" sp. nov., Prevalent in Zoige Wetland of the Tibetan Plateau Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2008; 74(19): 6114 - 6120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 N. F.W. Saunders, T. Thomas, P. M.G. Curmi, J. S. Mattick, E. Kuczek, R. Slade, J. Davis, P. D. Franzmann, D. Boone, K. Rusterholtz, et al. Mechanisms of Thermal Adaptation Revealed From the Genomes of the Antarctic Archaea Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides burtonii Genome Res., July 1, 2003; 13(7): 1580 - 1588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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