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1Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 50010;
2Unité Bactériologie Moléculaire et Médicale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France;
4Unité des Entérobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France;
3School of Veterinary Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Enteric Diseases and Food Safety Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDAARS, P.O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010. Phone: (515) 239-8495. Fax: (515) 239-8458. E-mail: tstanton{at}nadc.ars.usda.gov.
ABSTRACT
On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization data, nine intestinal spirochete strains were grouped into five genospecies. Three of these genospecies were previously recognized Serpulina species, Serpulina hyodysenteriae (type strain, B78), Serpulina innocens (type strain, B256), and Serpulina pilosicoli (type strain, P43/6/78; previously "Anguillina coli"). The other two genospecies were found to be new Serpulina species, for which we propose the names Serpulina intermedia sp. nov. (with type strain PWS/A) and Serpulina murdochii sp. nov. (with type strain 56–150). S. intermedia and S. murdochii cells had a typical spirochete ultrastructure with 22 to 28 periplasmic flagella per cell. Various soluble sugars were growth substrates for S. intermedia and S. murdochii. During growth in basal heart infusion broth supplemented with fetal calf serum beneath an O2-N2 (1:99) atmosphere, cells of these new species consumed oxygen and glucose and produced H2, CO2, acetate, butyrate, and ethanol. The G+C content of the DNA of S. murdochii 56–150T was 27 mol%, and the G+C content of the DNA of S. intermedia PWS/AT was 25 mol%. In addition, a restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR assay for the detection of intestinal spirochetes was developed. The assay was based on generation and restriction endonuclease analysis (with Hinfl, TaqI, Sau3A, and MboII) of a 558-bp amplicon of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) encoding 16S rRNA. The PCR amplification was specific for Serpulina species and Brachyspira aalborgi. Four restriction digest patterns were found for the five Serpulina species. Hinfl. restriction differentiated S. murdochii and S. innocens from the other species. Sau3A and TaqI restrictions gave unique fragment patterns for S. murdochii and S. pilosicoli, respectively. S. hyodysenteriae and S. intermedia DNAs gave the same fragment pattern regardless of the enzyme tested. B. aalborgi was differentiated from the Serpulina species by MboII digestion of the 16S rDNA amplicon.
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