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Amaricoccus gen. nov., a Gram-Negative Coccus Occurring in Regular Packages or Tetrads, Isolated from Activated Sludge Biomass, and Descriptions of Amaricoccus veronensis sp. nov., Amaricoccus tamworthensis sp. nov., Amaricoccus macauensis sp. nov., and Amaricoccus kaplicensis sp. nov.

A. M. Maszenan¹, R. J. Seviour^1,*, B. K. C. Patel², G. N. Rees^3, and B. M. McDougall¹

¹Biotechnology Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria 3550, Australia
²Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan. Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
³Faculty of Applied Science, University of Canberra, Belconnen, Australian Capital Territory 2616, Australia

^* Corresponding author: Phone: 61-54-447459. Fax: 61-54-447476. E-mail: r.seviour{at}latrobe.edu.au.

ABSTRACT

Three isolates of gram-negative bacteria, strains Ben 102^T, Ben 103^T, and Ben 104^T, were obtained in pure culture by micromanipulation from activated sludge biomass from wastewater treatment plants in Italy, Australia, and Macau, respectively. These isolates all had a distinctive morphology; the cells were cocci that usually were arranged in tetrads. Based on this criterion, they resembled other bacteria from activated sludge previously called "G" bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics and the results of 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analyses, the three isolates were very similar to each other, but were sufficiently different from their closest phylogenetic relatives (namely, the genera Rhodobacter, Rhodovulum, and Paracoccus in the subdivision of the Proteobacteria) to be placed in a new genus, Amaricoccus gen. nov. Each of the three isolates represents a new species of the genus Amaricoccu; strains Ben 102^T, Ben 103^T, and Ben 104^Tare named Amaricoccus veronensis, Amaricoccus tamworthensis, and Amaricoccus macauensis, respectively. An isolate designated Ben 101^T, which was isolated independently by Cech and Hartman in Kaplice, Czech Republic, was also characterized and belongs to the same genus. We propose that the isolate of Cech and Hartman should be placed in another new species, Amaricoccus kaplicensis.

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