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A Polyphasic Reassessment of the Genus Paenibacillus, Reclassification of Bacillus lautus (Nakamura 1984) as Paenibacillus lautus comb. nov. and of Bacillus peoriae (Montefusco et al. 1993) as Paenibacillus peoriae comb. nov., and Emended Descriptions of P. lautus and of P. peoriae

¹Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
²Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 OBA, United Kingdom
³Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Universiteit Gent, Vakgroup BFM WE10V. Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Phone: 32 (0)9 264 5110. Fax: 32 (0)9 264 5110. Electronic mail address: Paul.Devos{at}rug.ac.be.

ABSTRACT

Seventy-seven strains representing 10 species in the Paenibacillus polymyxa 16S rRNA group and 3 other species that exhibit phenetic relatedness to members of this group, Bacillus lautus, "Bacillus longisporus," and Bacillus peoriae, were characterized genotypically and phenotypically by performing an amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, a fatty acid methyl ester analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and API and other routine phenotypic tests. These analyses revealed distinct clusters representing Paenibacillus alvei, Paenibacillus amylolyticus, Paenibacillus azotofixans, Paenibacillus durum, Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae. Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens, B. lautus, Paenibacillus macerans, Paenibacillus macquariensis, B. peoriae, P. polymyxa, and Paenibacillus validus, which confirmed the distinctness of these species, but appreciable within-species heterogeneity was observed in P. alvei, B. lautus, P. macerans, P. polymyxa, and P. validus. The type strain of Paenibacillus pabuli did not cluster with other strains of this species, and in several analyses a relationship between strains of P. pabuli and "B. longisporus" was observed. As the analyses showed that B. lautus and B. peoriae are closely related to the genus Paenibacillus, these species are reclassified as members of this genus.

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