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Clostridium proteoclasticum sp. nov., a Novel Proteolytic Bacterium from the Bovine Rumen

¹AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
²Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4111

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Phone: 64 6 356 8019. Fax: 64 6 351 8003. Electronic mail address: attwoodg{at}agresearch.cri.nz.

ABSTRACT

A novel proteolytic bacterium was isolated from rumen contents of New Zealand cattle grazing fresh forage and was designated strain B316^T (T = type strain). Strain B316^T cells were straight to slightly curved rods (width, 0.4 to 0.6 µm; length, 1.3 to 3.0 µm) that were gram-positive and possessed a single subterminal flagellum. This isolate did not produce catalase, indole, ammonia, lipase, or lecithinase or reduce nitrate, but it did produce a curd reaction with milk. Strain B316^T was proteolytic, hydrolyzing casein and fraction I leaf protein. The crude proteinase was predominantly the serine type, but some cysteine proteinase and metallo-proteinase activities were also detected. The DNA base composition of strain B316^T was 28 mol% G+C. A 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of strain B316^T indicated that it was most closely related to a member of clostridial cluster XIVa, viz., Clostridium aminophilum, an amino acid-fermenting organism isolated from the rumen; the similarity value was 92.2%. The results of the phenotypic characterization analysis, G+C content analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence set strain B316^T apart from all of the members of cluster XIVa. We propose that strain B316^T should be designated a new species of the genus Clostridium, Clostridium proteoclasticum. Strain B316 is the type strain and has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 51982.

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