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1Laboratory of Medical Micribiology, St. Elisabeth Hosital, 5000 AS Tilburg, The Netherlands
2Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health and Environment, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-274.2113. Fax: 31-30-274.4414 Electronic mail address: fr.mooi{at}rivm.nl.
ABSTRACT
We describe a novel insertion sequence (IS) element, IS1002, which was found to be closely related to IS481, which is found only in Bordetella pertussis; we found that these two IS eleemnts have a level of sequence identity of 61.5% and also have almost identical terminal inverted repeats. IS1002 was present both B. pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis strains isolated from humans. In contrast, IS1002 was absent from B. parapertussis strains isolated from sheep. A DNA fingerprint analysis performed with anothe IS element, IS1001, which is present in B. parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica, revealed that B. parapertussis isolates obtained from sheep are distinct from human isolates. Thus, human and ovine B. parapertussis strains comprise two distinct populations, indicatng that little or no transmission occurs between sheep and humans. An IS-associated restriction frragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that B. parapertussis strains isolated from sheep are genetically more polymorphic that the human B. parapertussis population, which is genetically very homogeneous. This suggests that human B. parapertussis strains diverged from a single clone only recently. IS1001 is present in a subset of B. bronchiseptica strains that were derived mainly from pigs and rabbits, suggesting that these strains and to have adapted to different hosts (sheep and humans). Once in the human host, B. parapertussis probably acquired IS1002 from B. pertussis. In contrast to human B. parapertussis isolates, B. pertussis strains produced polymorphic IS1002-related DNA fingerprint patterns.
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