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1 Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung und Ludwig Boltzmann-Institut für Molekulare Nanotechnologie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1180 Vienna
2 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Biozentrum, Universität Wien, A-1030 Vienna
4 Zuckerforschung Tulln, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
5 Abteilung für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wien, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
3 Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Zentrum für Ultrastrukturforschung, Universität für Bodenkultur, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria. Phone: 43-1-47 654, ext. 2202. Fax: 43-1-346 176. Electronic mail address: pmessner{at}edv1.boku.ac.at.
ABSTRACT
Isolates of thermophilic bacteria obtained from an Austrian beet sugar factory were screened by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and freeze-fracture electron microscopy for the presence of glycosylated crystalline cell surface layers (S-layers). On the basis of similarities in the protein band patterns on SDS-PAGE gels and the lattice geometry of the S-layers as revealed by electron micrographs, the 31 isolates which we studied were clustered into five groups (groups I to V) and several strains which exhibited no common characteristics (group 0). We found that the organisms belonging to groups I to III had glycosylated S-layer proteins, but the highest carbohydrate contents were observed in group III organisms. Partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNAs of selected representative strains of each group revealed that the group I, II, IV, and V isolates and the few group 0 strains were different from the group III strains. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, SDS-PAGE, and an analysis of polar lipids demonstrated that group III isolates L419-91, L420-91T (T = type strain), and L438-91 belong to the same species. We chose the group III organism Bacillus sp. strain L420-91T for further analysis because of the high carbohydrate content of its S-layer protein. The taxonomic position of this isolate was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic analyses revealed that strains L420-91T, L419-91, and L438-91 represent a new Bacillus species. We observed high levels of similarity between these strains and Bacillus brevis ATCC 12990, which also had a glycosylated S-layer protein. Our results show that strains L420-91T, L419-91, and L438-91 and B. brevis ATCC 12990 belong to the same species and that this species is a new Bacillus species, which we name Bacillus thermoaerophilus. The type strain of this species is strain L420-91 (= DSM 10154).
Dedicated to Ruth E. Gordon. This article has been cited by other articles:
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