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1 Department of Biology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143, Japan
2 Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
3 Division of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228, Japan
4 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Kumamoto 860, Japan
* Corresponding author.
ABSTRACT
We characterized a microbial strain that was isolated from a hot spring at a geothermal area in Hakone, Japan. This isolate, whose lobed-shaped cells were about 1.0 µ in diameter, was a facultative chemolithoautotroph that required aerobic conditions for growth. The optimum pH was 3.0 (pH range, 1.0 to 4.0), and the optimum temperature was 70°C (temperature range, 50 to 80°C). Lithotrophically, this strain grew on elemental sulfur and reduced sulfur compounds. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.4 mol%. This organism contained calditoglycerocaldarchaeol, which is characteristic of members of the Sulfolobaceae. The levels of 16S rRNA sequence similarity between the new isolate and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Sulfolobus solfataricus, and Sulfolobus shibatae were less than 89.8%. Unlike S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. shibatae, the new isolate utilized sugars and amino acids poorly as sole carbon sources, and the levels of DNA-DNA hybridization between the new isolate and these Sulfolobus species were very low. Phenotypically, the new isolate was also distinct from the obligately lithotrophic organism Sulfolobus metallicus. We concluded that the new organism belongs to a new Sulfolobus species, for which we propose the name Sulfolobus hakonensis.
Present address: The Culture Collection Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156, Japan.
Formerly Institute of Applied Microbiology.
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